### manishbisht's blog

By manishbisht, history, 3 years ago, ,

Let's discuss the solutions of all the problems. I am only able to solve A-Small and A-Large. I would like to know other peoples approaches for the other 3 problems. Also how should I prepare for it to get the rank below 300 in the next round.

Here are the problem statements.

• +13

 » 3 years ago, # | ← Rev. 4 →   +25 Hints for large:Problem B: We only need to compute ia and ib for i ≤ k. Problem C: Greedy. Remove the segment such that maximum number of points are uncovered. Implement using line sweep to check for moments when exactly one segment is "active". Problem D: DP. If the size of thr right most chunk is x then it must consist of the largest x elements of the permutation if we want maximum no of chunks. Also such a chunk cannot havr a suffix of size y < x consisting of the largest y elements else the right most chunk can be split into two. Use dp compute number of such right most chunks of size x and use another recurrence to compute the answer for n using information from permutations of size n - x.
•  » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   +5 Little more detail for problem B ?
•  » » » 3 years ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 3 →   0 ia mod k = (i + k)a mod k
•  » » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   +5 I got that . My solution was O(K^2Log(K)) . I iterated over i and j in [1,K] and if (i^a+j^b)mod K was zero , added ((N-i)/K+1)*((N-j)/K+1) to the answer . How to reduce this to O(KLogK) ?
•  » » » » » 3 years ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   +1 If you know that ia mod k = r then jb mod k must be k - r. Instead of iterating over i, iterate over the possible remainders of ia and you will know what kind of remainder of jb you are looking for.
•  » » » » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   +13 I am so stupid -.- .
•  » » » » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 and how do you check for i!=j ??
•  » » » » » » » 3 years ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 hint: check if ia + ib mod k = 0 for all i ≤ k
•  » » » » » » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 Didnt get the math behing it ! Explain bit more plz and also do share code
•  » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 Hi. Would you please discuss about the solution of Problem A as well? Seems like a very easy one but can't seem to get it fully.
•  » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 Just read the pattern, i guess
•  » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 Max. no of balanced substrings will be obtained only when he arranges them separately as : ()()()() with extras at one end. No. of single pair balanced = Min( no. of '(' , no. of ')')So. no. of substrings will be 1 + 2 + .... + (no of balanced pair)
•  » » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 Thanks man. Figured out what you wrote in the first paragraph, but the incremental part didn't occur to me for some reason.
•  » » » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 we can make balanced strings only of we have equal no of left and right parentheses, so we can make use of at-most min(L,R) (let's say it K) parentheses in pairs.  Now, ans[K=1] = 1, arrangement = () ans[2] = 3, ()() ans[3], think how you can add one more() to ans[2], adding () to end of ans[2] arrangement, we can see how many more sub-strings were added,  following contribute to the count apart from ans[2]: ()()() ()()() ()()() -- ---- ------ the hyphens below parentheses show the sub-strings which count towards ans[3], so ans[3] = 3 + ans[2] similarly, ans[i] = i + ans[i-1]; 
•  » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 Can u explain B in more detail please . ?? Logic behind only going till i<=k
•  » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   +1
•  » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 I tried to solve it this way: say we first find the counts of i's from 1 to N which give a particular remainder in [0,k-1] this is easy to find func count(rem) return (n/k) + (rem!=0 && rem <= n%k? 1:0); this gives the count of integers which give remainder rem when divided by k  Now, we are asked to find i^a and j^b, so we can store all remainder counts after i is raised to power a. (we're going to store the count of integers such that their remainders (mod k) give remainder rema after raised to power a so for all r in [0,k-1] rema = r^a % k; remb = r^b % k; count2a[rema] = count(r); count2b[remb] = count(r); Now we have counts of all integers which whose remainders (mod k) give remainders in range [0,k-1] when raised to power a or b count2a[i] denotes # of integers in [1,N] which give remainder i when raised to power a, similar for power b counts Its easy to solve the problem now. We need to sum all remainder counts such that the remainders themselves add upto k or 0, so for r in [0,k-1] ans += count2a[r] + count2b[k-r] - repeats occurred 
•  » » 3 years ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   +13 D has a nice soultion that uses only generating functions:Let , Then the required answer is the coefficient of xn in:G(x) = P(x)(P(x) - 1)(2P(x) - 1)I used inclusion-exclusion and infinite GP sum to prove this, but I was thinking a simpler analysis exists considering the simplicity of the formula. Did anyone do it this way?
•  » » » 3 years ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   +18 I don't know generating functions very well, but here's how I would solve this problem:For each permutation, consider that you can insert a divider after position i if all numbers before i are smaller than i, and all numbers after position i are greater than i. All legal divisions into chunks are splitting numbers into groups according to a subset of these dividers: as we're only interested in the maximum division, we'll always pick them all.Now note that within a permutation, as the number of dividers is f(n), it follows that the number of pairs (a, b) such that 1 ≤ a, b ≤ n and a, b are both possible dividers is exactly equal to f(n)2. Therefore, we can simply count, for each pair (a, b), in how many permutations it is a valid pair.And this is easy to count: pair (a, b), a ≤ b, is valid in a! × (b - a)! × (n - b)! permutations. We should multiply this by 2 if a < b, because we the symmetric pair (b, a) is also valid.It shouldn't be too hard to see why this calculation is actually equivalent to your generating function.
•  » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 How did you deduced out this function? could you please list the deduce process?
•  » » » 2 years ago, # ^ |   0 jtnydv25: Can you explain how you finally obtained G(x) using inclusion-exclusion and infinite GP Sum? And how did you come up with P(x)? Keen to know the Generating Function Method.
•  » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 Would you please elaborate a bit on the DP solution of Problem D, perhaps with the case n=3 as an example?
•  » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 Actually, I think my main confusion is with finding these maximum number of chunks without generating the different permutations of the array. If we do generate the arrays, the time complexity of the answer passes the O(n!) mark which is probably not acceptable (right?). So what's the alternative?
•  » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 hey can you please elaborate solution to problem C for large numbers.
 » 3 years ago, # |   +1 Can you explain C small as well as large in more detail ?
•  » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   +13 A classic technique for segments covering problem: regard a segment [x, y] as 2 marks: {x, a segment begins} and {y, a segment ends}. Sort all these marks, deal them from left to right.For the original problem, the total coverage area  -  the maximum area which is covered only by one specific segment, is the answer we are looking for.we can deal with both two parts using the same technique: maintain a set, representing the segments which are covering till this mark. The area is covered if the set has at least one element. The area is covered by only one segment if the set has only one element, which is also the owner of the area which is just covered by only one segment.
 » 3 years ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   +23 For those Chinese readers: I've written my own solutions at http://blog.csdn.net/fcxxzux/article/details/52346364 , and I'll continue updating this blog for the following 3 rounds.For those non-Chinese users, you may use Google Translate.Translating Chinese into English manually is tiring, and that solution is for, well, dummys .I'll write some key points here.B: since ia mod k = (i + k)a mod k, all the possible values of i (in 1~n) can be classified into at most k categories by mod k = 0... (k - 1)C: A classic technique for segments covering problem: regard a segment [x, y] as 2 marks: {x, a segment begins} and {y, a segment ends}. Sort all these marks, deal them from left to right.For the original problem, the total coverage area — the maximum area which is covered only by one specific segment, is the answer we are looking for.We can deal with both two parts using the same technique: maintain a set, representing the segments which are covering till this mark. The area is covered if the set has at least one element. The area is covered by only one segment if the set has only one element, which is also the owner of the area which is just covered by only one segment.D: First, you need to figure out the number of primitive chunk with length 1... n, which can't be divided into smaller chunk. Here's the formula: After this calculated, it's fairly easy to figure out the O(n3) dp: dp[i][j] indicates how many permutations with length = i and can be divided into at most j chunks. Adding a primitive chunk behind a state will work here. And the answer will be dp[n][1] × 12 + dp[n][2] × 22 + ... + dp[n][n] × n2As for the O(n2) solution, It's a little bit tricky: instead of calculating the numbers of permutation and figuring out the answer we need later, we will try to directly calculating the answer, i.e.,for i = 1... n, calculate . With some calculation on paper, you'll find that calculating dp[i][j], dp[i][j] × 2j and dp[i][j] × j2 will solve this problem.
•  » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 Hey. I couldn't understand the solution to C problem. Please can you elaborate more?
•  » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   +13 Let's start with a more simple problem.You are given some logs for the using statistic of one resource. each row indicates a user used this resource from start time to end time. A row of log is like :Tuple , the first one (.Item1) is start time, and the second one (.Item2) is the end time.Now you should figure out the total time the resource is used by someone. If two or more persons are using this resource at the same time, regard that as one.For Example, here's some record: {1,3} {2,4} {5,6} the answer is 4,since there are users using this resource at {1,2},{2,3},{3,4} and {5,6}(two users are using this resource at {2,3}, regard that as one.)A typical solution is: using an array like bool[] usedBySomeone ,then: foreach(var x in records) for(int i=x.startTime;i x==true)); Which is slow.Let's use the technique we mentioned above:make a new array for those record, then sort them by TIMESTAMP, you'll get: {1,start} {2,start} {3,end} {4,end} {5,start} {6,end} and Let's deal them from the beginning to the end:{1,start}: now there's one user using this resource, count = 1, also we need to record the start time : startStamp = 1{2,start}: now there're two user using this resource, count = 2{3,end}: now there's two user using this resource, count = 1{4,end}: now there's no user using this resource, count = 0. Then we need to add the time we just checked with at least one user using to the answer. Answer += this.TIMESTAMP — startStamp = 4 — 1 = 3{5,start}: now there's one user using this resource, count = 1, also we need to record the start time : startStamp = 5{6,end}: now there's no user using this resource, count = 0. Then we need to add the time to the answer. Answer += this.TIMESTAMP — startStamp = 6 — 5 = 1so we have the answer: 3 + 1 = 4 Hope this can help you understand my solution better. If you need further explanation, please tell me.
•  » » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 Got it. Amazingly expained. Thanks (y)
•  » » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 Thanks for the explanation, Can u please share link of any question related to this pattern ?
•  » » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 How the total time resource being used by someone is 4. shouldn't it be 6??
•  » » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 Thanks for the amazing solution explanations. For problem C, could you please explain the part for finding maximum area covered by a single segment that has to be subtracted from the total area. Thanks 
•  » » 3 years ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 Hi! Would you please explain how you came up with the formula for f(n) in Problem D? f(2)=1 and f(3)=3, what do these values actually represent?
•  » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   +9 f(n) is the number of primitive chunks with length 1... n, which can't be divided into smaller chunks.Let's check what are the permutations counted by the f(n)f(1) = 1[1]f(2) = 1[2,1][1,2] is not the thing we expected ,since we can divide it into [1][2].f(3) = 3 [2,3,1] [3,1,2] [3,2,1] For those are not:[1,2,3], we can divide it into [1][2][3][1,3,2], we can divide it into [1][3,2][2,1,3], we can divide it into [2,1][3]checking all those non-primitive chunks, you'll find that, all of them starts with a shorter primitive chunk.So, f(n) = all possible permutations - all non-primitive ones = n! - (permutaions start with primitive chunks of length = 1 + permutaions start with primitive chunks of length = 2 + ... + permutaions start with primitive chunks of length = (n-1) ) =
•  » » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 Thanks a lot, this was really helpful. After fumbling around a bit, I managed to implement the O(n^3) solution but still stuck on the O(n^2) solution. I understand the calculation of expanding (b+1)^2 to (b^2 + 2b + 1) but fail to see how this changes the way we solve the problem. To find dp[x][j+1], I'd still need to calculate summation of dp[i][j] * f(x-i) for all i
•  » » » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 For the first question, The transform is tricky.we need to directly maintain, for i = 1... n, calculate , which will be the result.Let's do some calculation. dp[a+x][0+1]*(0+1)^2 + dp[a+x][1+1]*(1+1)^2 + .... + dp[a+x][a+1]*(a+1)^2 =f(x) * (dp[a][0]*0^2 + dp[a][0]*2*0 + dp[a][0]) + f(x) * (dp[a][1]*1^2 + dp[a][1]*2*1 + dp[a][1]) +..... =f(x) * (dp[a][0]*0^2 + dp[a][1]*1^2 + ...) + f(x)* (dp[a][0]*2*0+dp[a][1]*2*1 + ......) + f(x)*(dp[a][0]+dp[a][1]......) dp[a][b]*b^2 is the thing we want to maintain directly here.dp[a][b], you know how to do it.As for dp[a][b]*2b dp[a+x][b+1]*2*(b+1) =dp[a][b]*f(x)*(2*b+2) =f(x)* (dp[a][b]*2*b + dp[a][b]*2) Now you just need to maintain the sum of each part when they are representing the same length.==========================================for the second question, in fact, someone else taught me the solution of Problem D (for the O(n^3) part). I think it's just the intuition of experienced competitive programmers? Defining the primitive chunks is a really smart move.
•  » » » » » » 3 years ago, # ^ |   0 Ikr! I think they noticed the pattern in the given examples and worked their way from there. Still a huge thing to solve it so perfectly in such a short time. I've just solved it successfully after literally days of trying with the help of the editorial. My first intuition was generating each permutation of the sequence and calculating f(p) for each of them but of course that would have been way too expensive. Embarrassingly expensive.Thank you so much man, don't know how I could have done it without your help. God bless!