vovuh's blog

By vovuh, history, 5 years ago, In English

I'm in the middle of the session but I'm still trying to prepare Div. 3 rounds.

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Hello!

Codeforces Round 527 (Div. 3) will start at Dec/18/2018 17:35 (Moscow time). You will be offered 6 or 7 problems with expected difficulties to compose an interesting competition for participants with ratings up to 1600. Probably, participants from the first division will not be at all interested by this problems. And for 1600-1899 the problems will be too easy. However, all of you who wish to take part and have rating 1600 or higher, can register for the round unofficially.

The round will be hosted by rules of educational rounds (extended ACM-ICPC). Thus, during the round, solutions will be judged on preliminary tests, and after the round it will be a 12-hour phase of open hacks. I tried to make strong tests — just like you will be upset if many solutions fail after the contest is over.

You will be given 6 or 7 problems and 2 hours to solve them.

Note that the penalty for the wrong submission in this round (and the following Div. 3 rounds) is 10 minutes.

Remember that only the trusted participants of the third division will be included in the official standings table. As it is written by link, this is a compulsory measure for combating unsporting behavior. To qualify as a trusted participants of the third division, you must:

  • take part in at least two rated rounds (and solve at least one problem in each of them),
  • do not have a point of 1900 or higher in the rating.

Regardless of whether you are a trusted participant of the third division or not, if your rating is less than 1600, then the round will be rated for you.

Thanks to MikeMirzayanov for the platform, help with ideas for problems and for coordination of my work. Thanks to my good friends Mikhail awoo Piklyaev, Maksim Neon Mescheryakov and Ivan BledDest Androsov for help in round preparation and testing the round.

Good luck!

I also would like to say that participants who will submit wrong solutions on purpose and hack them afterwards (example) will not be shown in the hacking leaders table.

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UPD: I also would like to thank Roman Roms Glazov, Farkhod Farhod Khakimiyon and Alex hohomu Poon for help with testing the round.

UPD2:

Congratulations to the winners:

Rank Competitor Problems Solved Penalty
1 Doma_Umaru 6 331
2 BigDelta 5 141
3 AbduM 5 262
4 PauloMiranda98 5 266
5 Fill_in 5 276

Congratulations to the best hackers:

Rank Competitor Hack Count
1 MarcosK 84
2 hmducanh 67:-4
3 jsuyash1514 58
4 Warawreh 29
5 darkness_peach 25:-2

796 successful hacks and 2063 unsuccessful hacks were made in total!

And finally people who were the first to solve each problem:

Problem Competitor Penalty
A lee_chaerin 0:01
B ajarindong 0:02
C BigDelta 0:15
D1 Sad_reacts_only 0:26
D2 bigbigbigcat111 0:40
E Patunia 0:24
F Patunia 0:12

UPD3: Editorial is published!

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5 years ago, # |
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anothert trashforces made by trash russians

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    The legendary grandmaster Intellectual said! Oh wait...

    Jokes aside, it can be very usefull for those who are slightly weak at maths or have no experience of solving algorithmic problems but want to practice in coding. And imho even for some 1600+ last problems are not such a trash.

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Last line increased my expectations for the round.

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div1 + div2 = div3

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    I guess you inspired them :)

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      yep

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      Lol really good joke. But, surely, I did not expect such a difficulty. I'm very sorry for such a hard problemset

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        5 years ago, # ^ |
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        I don't have the right to complain more, because I'm out of the competition, but, for me, really enjoyed it. Thank you!

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Good luck in your exams! vovuh

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Thanks Man! I just wanted another div3

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it is raining contests

3 contests in 5 days

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Good Luck!

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And guys, that's how <copy-pasted-part> becomes a legend.

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Cool! Long time no see the Div.3. I hope I will have fun in it.

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I really like this Div.3 because I am a new hand absolutely! Thanks to the beloved author and say good luck to everyone who take part in this match!

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What does trusted participant mean. Plus how to hack solutions of others once if we submit the solution

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    you_paison, there's a link on "Remember that" in the piece of the text about trusted participants. There you can find the definition and the motivation of this term.

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5+2 = 7 Seems a lucky round! #527
UPD: NO, it was'nt :(

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hope that i can be blue :D

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    C is a pretty weird problem for me :( i tried to solve it with two different algorithms but all failed even though i knew how to solve it

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      Long way to go before blue, you will have to master all the elements.

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        5 years ago, # ^ |
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        Nah there's nothing special about blue, we are still clueless

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Probably, participants from the first division will not be at all interested by this problems

Probably they even can't solve them.

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Is C checking the possible 4 strings?

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Yes, that's what I did.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Checking 2 strings is enough. We have two longest (n-1 length) strings.

    One of them would be prefix and another will be suffix. Therefore, we can just guess one to be prefix and add a single char — last letter of another longest string — to the last of what we guessed. And if it isn't the case, we can do it again with another guess.

    This is valid because it is guaranteed that there is an answer.

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      What is test 17 in C ?? I could not pass it. I firstly found strings of length n-1 in the input data and then considered if one of them could be a prefix of original string . Once I find that which one is prefix of length n-1 we can get the answer string but I can't understand where am I wrong MY SUBMISSION

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      i solved it in the same way but getting wrong answer on test 17 .. i don't know what is the issue , i tried many different approaches all of them failed on test 17... let us assume i found the right string then i will iterate over all the prefixes and suffixes and store them in a vector in the form of pair of string and character and finally printing by just iterating over the input data and checking the other part of the pair and in case prefix == suffix i am handling that case too.

      edit: i was using find function to match the prefixes and suffixes which may fail for the case where it have different suffix(or prefix) but it matches with prefix as it is there so instead create another vector to store all of them and match them one by one this helped me :) hope this may help to others who failed on test 17...

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      i have solved it like that but then also my solution has been hacked ...don't know why ??

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5 years ago, # |
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wasn't div3 supposed to be easier then div2?

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Is this a joke? The difficulty level rises up like bitcoin! Come on

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Understood that reference. Let me make it more clearer Image and video hosting by TinyPic

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how to solve D1 and D2 ?

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    D2 can be done using stacks.

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      how ?

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      Here have a look at my solution

      Solution

      So while putting elements in the stack if it is equal to the previous element then you can raise it to any ht required so remove both from the stack but the ht cannot be reduced so just keep a check variable for that.

      Now if the final size is 1 or less it is possible else not.

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      convert each a[i] to a[i]%2 and then use almost logic of D2 for D1. D2 D1

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    I think the hidden string is something like aaab, because considering aaa as sufix and aab as prefix will fail.

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i think problem c and d hard for div3 ?

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What is test 17 in C ?? I could not pass it. I firstly found strings of length n-1 in the input data and then considered if one of them could be a prefix of original string . Once I find that which one is prefix of length n-1 we can get the answer string but I can't understand where am I wrong MY SUBMISSION

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47221338

Why did this fail?

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Problem E is IOI 2013 — Day 1 — Dreaming

Also, how to solve D1?

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    In D1, from some state you can always add verticals on any column for as much as you'd like, since anyway you can return to the state before with all columns being increased by some constant C (which makes no difference).

    Therefor, you can always keep at a state where the difference between the maximal and minimal column is less than 2, this implies you can take all columns modulo 2.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    I used stack for D1. Because we can vertically add a block, the number actually doesn't matter — only its parity does. I just checked parity every time I get an input and if i-th element has same parity with i-1 th element, both can be raised to arbitrarily number, so I just ignored them.

    At last, if we have one or zero element left, we can complete the wall. Else, we can't.

    This was my idea, but I'm not really sure if this is correct or not. Plz teach me a lesson if you found something wrong :)

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    I passed pretests by keeping a queue of all possible consecutive indices whose values have the same parity because they can be made to reach all possible heights. Removing a pair might add a new pair in the queue if then consecutive indices have same parity. If at the end, we have exhausted all possible indices except possibly any 1, then answer is yes, else no.

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:(

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I think this contest is div1+div2 combined !

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I think problem E can be solved in O(n), though I submitted an O(n*n) solution.

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How to solve F ?

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Hint: Calculate values for each of the nodes using DP. Firstly calculate the value for just the subtree for each node using subtree values of the children. Then, calculate the complete value (for subtree + other nodes) using parent node complete value.

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Me after open the scoreboard for today Div 3 round:

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How to solve F?

I was trying to find the two nodes which lie at the diameter of the tree, I assumed that either of them will be the answer, but it was not to be. Can someone provide with a small test case where this assumption fails?

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Testcase: If diameter has the largest weight and rest are preety small maybe. Hint: use DP.

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Problem D is a pile of bullshit.

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Considering the low constraints, I don't think C was tough, it was good enough for Div3. I can say this until my code is not hacked. :P

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Felt same here. Initially I thought C was too tough for div3, requiring trie and some other skill. But I think 100 is fair constraint... Still I'm not sure before systest and hacks end :P

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Is there any penalty for unsuccessful hack?

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    no. div3 and educational round hacking has no effect on rating

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Anybody have idea for D1 pretest 9?

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    You can check this testcase:

    8
    1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1
    
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For D1 :

  1. Since we have vertical bars of length two, it means all odd numbers can be made same, and all even numbers can be made same.
  2. When a parity is occurring in even length, it can toggle its parity easily. This can be used to merge the neighboring segments of odd length into an even length segment. You can do this repeatedly.
  3. If you think more, the problem is same as given a binary string S, and if you can convert "11" into "1" and "010" into "1", then find if S can be merged down to either of {"1", "01", "10"}. The order of events is important here, for example if S = "0101000", and you perform "010" transformation at 0th index first, then you can never merge it down to "10". Does anyone know how to solve this problem?
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When seeing problem C — F : Image and video hosting by TinyPic

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D1 wasn't easy at all it's harder than most of div(2) C :/

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Maybe he tried to troll div 1-2 participants who tried to solve from the last problems.

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      actually all div3 contests sucks they always fail to make a balanced problem set and I will never participate in a div3 round again

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Whoa, challenging round for cyan here :) However, I really enjoyed. Although generally people here felt this was harder than how div.3 should be, I think it gave me more "doable" challenges than div2 rounds did. (Generally I couldn't even submit for problem D on a div2 round ...)

Thanks for vovuh and whoever worked hard to prepare a round, and to the community for giving wonderful oppertunity to enjoy problem-solving.

Hope no systest failures or hacks kill my rating xD

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in problem C, test 17 gave me WA and when i changed the order of processing the input, it got AC. i don't know why. please someone help...

code1: https://codeforces.com/contest/1092/submission/47224002

code2: just by changing the order https://codeforces.com/contest/1092/submission/47227536 please someone check it...

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    I have the same problem with test 14. I just changed order of appending strings with length 1 and length (n-1). Pretty sure that test for problem C isn't covers all possible answers.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    your code will probably get hacked

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Me to, i wrote cout<<"P" (or "S") and got wa on 17, but when I switched up and put answer in string, I got accepted.

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Because I'm so stupid, I can not do C problem

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https://codeforces.com/profile/sxzdsb this guy has inserted if(n==66) print(some random no) into his code. please admin look into this

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Though above the Div3 level, the problems were really good(I read A, B, C, F).

Can F be solved by doing multiple DFS?? Basically, after finding the answer for 1 index as root through 2 DFS, I tried to do another DFS and pass some parameters to check for it's children, but couldn't implement it in time. Am I thinking the right way?

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    yes if you use dp with 2 times dfs.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Yes. After finding the answer for an arbitrary vertice you can calculate the answer for any children of this node in constant time. Basicaly, when you move from from a vertice u to a vertice v you have to decrease the sum of values of all subtree of v (because the distance has decrease by one) and increase by the sum of all others nodes that doesn't in subtree of v (because the distance to this vertices has incressed by one).

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      I think it should be subtree of v instead of subtree of u in ur explaination.

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    Yes, exactly the same idea (I used 3 dfs's). I implemented in time, was unable to debug a wrong indexing in dfs in time :(. It got accepted few mins after the contest got over... My submission: https://codeforces.com/contest/1092/submission/47228524

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Thanks! :)

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Was this really for Div3 noobs?

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Penatlty for unsuccessful hack?

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"And for 1600-1899 the problems will be too easy."

I missed a really good contest because of this line :(

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That moment when you submit a bunch of bullshit code in C and you get accepted.

https://codeforces.com/contest/1092/submission/47222677

Someone please hack me , end my suffering :p

I give it a chance of 70% to be hackable.

UPD : i got accepted lol.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    5 atmx a at tmxk mxk xk k atm for this test case your code gives segmentation fault..still unsuccessful hack

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      Use custom invocation , the segmentation fault was probably caused by the compiler you are using.

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Hi, Can someone please help me out with the solution for problem C? I got wrong ans on test case 17. After contest i swapped the order of processing the longest string and submitted and got AC.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    I think verdict is wrong. I had same problem and checked TC 17, it's oyyyyyyy.. (with 99 y). I checked on notepad and it's correct in both order (yyyyyyo or oyyyyyy)

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      I think you are wrong. I checked your solution on the following case:

      Test

      And it printed PPPPSSSS while only one suitable string is "baaaa". So...

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        5 years ago, # ^ |
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        Checked again and I might be looking some suffixes in reverse way :P

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          5 years ago, # ^ |
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          Are you trolling me? Or what are you trying to say? I checked all your wrong submissions for this problem in custom invocation on this test and they're returned the wrong answer (in my and checker opinion).

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            5 years ago, # ^ |
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            I'm not trolling you, was saying what was my mistake. Here an example: for aab, ab is suffix but when I was checking, sometimes I was looking it as "ba" (in custom inputs)

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              5 years ago, # ^ |
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              Oh, then I'm sorry, I didn't understand you correctly.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    I had a similar situation as yours. If you are only checking for prefixes and assigning the remaining strings suffixes then it becomes important as to what you choose as prefix. Out of two largest length strings, it may seem both can satisfy prefixes but only one can satisfy suffixes. So as you change your order of processing, you may get AC on a wrong TC as you are changing your prefix. But you need to check suffixes also.

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Any Ideas for an O(N) solution in E.

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I tried to make strong tests — he said

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https://codeforces.com/contest/1092/submission/47229976 The solution for D2, Can this be hacked. Just got hacked in my original D2 solution and found my mistake, I was just missing one simple condition. So I wanted to know can this be hacked now. Thanks

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VERY HARD DIV3!

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Saw a lot C's solutions are getting hacked. What are the hacks for C?

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How to solve C Question? I'm guessing the full string using prefixes and suffixes of length n-1 and then if any string is a prefix of fullString it is assigned P and other one of same length is assigned P! I'm always failing on test 14 Please help!

My Submission

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    in short:

    From the input you can get 4 candidate strings from which the suffixes and prefixes could come from. These 4 string are )for instance) combinations of 2 shortest and 2 longest strings from the input (shortest + longest or longest + shortest),

    Just check among these 4 a valid one and you solved the classification problem.

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      Or you could just form 2 strings. Take the largest strings among the input strings, suppose s1 and s2. Two strings to be checked are:

      s1[0] + s2

      and

      s2 + s1[s1.length()-1]

      Example: 5 ba a abab a aba baba ab aba

      In this merge abab and baba to form: "ababa"(from a + baba) and "babab"(from baba + b) and check these 2.

      This works because the answer always exists.

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        5 years ago, # ^ |
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        Yeah, actually this (your) is the solution I implemented, cause you just need to check 2 strings so I assumed it would run faster. Maybe my first explanation is a bit more intuitive,

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          5 years ago, # ^ |
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          I have done the same in my submission!

          I can't figure what's wrong!

          Can any of you helpout?

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5 years ago, # |
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Cheaters on problem D2 Duongcvp , duyleson76

47217201, 47216097

UPD: vovuh pelase look into it.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Thanks! I informed Mike about it, we will do something.

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5 years ago, # |
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The rate at which my rank is decreasing, after 8 hours I will be rank 1.

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5 years ago, # |
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Sorry, of course, but why is C such a slop? Maximum unpleasant. Do you like to give such tasks? ...

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5 years ago, # |
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I dont think all the possible answers are provided in each testcase for checking. For example, in test case 19: 5 ba a baba a aba abab ab aba

Either ababa or babab can be the possible string. Thus, the possible answers are SPSSPPPS and PSPPSSSP respectively. But when my code output PSPPSSSP, the verdict was WA. Please look into this.

My submission: https://codeforces.com/contest/1092/submission/47238081

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    ba can’t be a prefix

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    All Prefixes should start with the same letter. In your output they don't.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Thank you @Hasan and @ShowStopper728 for replying. My case itself was wrong. Understood my dumb mistake.

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5 years ago, # |
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can someone explain why i fail test case 9 on D1? thanks.

submission 47221085

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5 years ago, # |
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can someone explain why i fail test case 12 on C ?thanks. submission https://codeforces.com/contest/1092/submission/47223481

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Apparently according to the judge, it says "The number of 'P's and 'S's should be one and one for length 1". Maybe your output marks both strings of length 1 as P or S. One should be P and one should be S.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    When you check the Ps it seems you are assigning prefixes too early and leaving invalid suffixes

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Man I solved problem C using DP , I was so proud because no one else did it that way (that I know of) and then I got hacked :( bummer, but of course I got hacked I didn't take into account at the last step of the DP to check that the remaining suffixes were valid , :( I really feel so hopeless about this contests I just get crushed over and over again, well at least I solved it using a different approach.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    I used DP too. I hacked myself with the same test I used to hack your code :P

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      Yeah I should've totally took into account that checking of suffixes :(

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very weak pretests ever!! two of my solutions were hacked. This isn't fair actually. -_-

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5 years ago, # |
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Fun fact: I hacked at least 40 submissions with a test that hacks my own submission for problem C :P

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5 years ago, # |
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I think test case #17 for C is wrong.

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5 years ago, # |
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The div3 is very good, E & F is about tree, let's know how to get diameter of the tree and how to construct the shortest diameter. and F is also nice, is similar with fermat point problem. https://www.lintcode.com/problem/fermat-point-of-graphs/

Thanks vovuh

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5 years ago, # |
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System test did not happen? Or if it is going to happen, then when?

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5 years ago, # |
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Where is the rating changes

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5 years ago, # |
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I don't think that problem C is that hard solely because of constraints on n <= 100. Just find the strings of length n — 1 from the input. Consider one to be prefix and other one to be suffix. Find all other suffix and prefix strings from these strings and check wheather theses strings matches with the input , if not then the other possiblity must be the answer

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5 years ago, # |
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i even think that F is easier than C

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5 years ago, # |
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When is the rating going to change??

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5 years ago, # |
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For problem C — Prefixes and Suffixes, my submission 47235377 got a MLE by using the built-in C++ sort function.

On the other hand, when replacing sort with stable_sort, the solution is accepted with only 200 KB of memory consumed 47237954.

Does anyone have a clue why this is the case?

Thanks in advance.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Your compare function has undefined behaviour. Change return a.Id < b.Id; to return a.S.size() == b.S.size() && a.Id < b.Id; and you will get AC :)

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      Indeed, it gave an undefined behaviour. Thank you for guiding!

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isn't its a rated contest ???

why its took so much time to changing rating ?

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5 years ago, # |
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I have one solution of C.Find two strings of length (n-1), assuming they are prefix and suffix, or suffix and prefix. Then let the other strings match the two strings. Because each length has only two strings, one is the prefix and the other must be the suffix. Because the problem must have a solution, if the first case is wrong, the other must be correct.

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Why in test 23 of problem C, checker of system report "Runtime error" 47214009, when in my IDE or Custom Invocation, my code is alright with that test. (Test 23 is special case, so i can creat it myself). This is my code, include test 23 in input: https://ideone.com/PB83La

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    vovuh Can you check the checker of problem C again ? Thank you!

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      Test 23 has the following pattern:

      Spoiler

      Your pattern of test from ideone not matches this one. Anyway, I copy-pasted 23th test from polygon and checked your solution in custom invocation and it gives WA.

      I had read my checker in about 20 times. It is correct.

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      mistake is in your code.
      check this in your sort comparator :-
      return (a.X.length()>=b.X.length());

      remove the equality sign and you will get AC, like this :-
      return (a.X.length()>b.X.length());

      for more details refer strict weak ordering

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        5 years ago, # ^ |
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        Amazing ! Thank you so much, i never know about that.

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What means terms "improper prefixes" in Problem C? I guessed it means words which are not prefix of the given string.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Prefixes which have a length less than the length of the string

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      Thank you! Is it a math jargon? It confused me a lot.

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5 years ago, # |
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Hi fellows, Why I still can not see my rating change of this round now?

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5 years ago, # |
Rev. 3   Vote: I like it +13 Vote: I do not like it

)

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5 years ago, # |
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Please update my rating for this contest, user name: dileepjallipalli29

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    It'll change all user's rating at the same time. But not yet.

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5 years ago, # |
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It's been one day, no food, no water, no sleep. Still waiting for the rating to be updated

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I am getting a Runtime error on test 4 for C. Can someone help? 47229206. I am guessing the word since we know both the suffix and prefix of length n — 1 , and then assign 'P's and 'S's accordingly.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    maybe variable word is empty.

    you can check it with asserts:

    string word;
       if(first[0] + last[0] == last[1] + first[1])
          word = first[0] + last[0];
       else if(first[0] + last[1] == last[0] + first[1])
          word = first[0] + last[1];
       else assert(0);
    

    try submit this code.

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Are the ratings for this contest has been updated?. Because I can't see any changes in my ratings. I took part in this contest and solved 2 questions. Please update the ratings!!

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5 years ago, # |
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Editorial?

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5 years ago, # |
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y the hell is it taking this much time for changing ratings ?

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Fastest system testing ever plus slowest rating update ever in my codeforces career.

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Can anyone explain problem E?

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    For each Tree, find its center (find the diameter first, and take the node in the middle of the path, that's the center). Let Cx be the center of one of the trees with greatest diameter. Now add an edge between Cx and every other center found, now you have created another tree in which the diameter's length is minimmum. Finding all centers can be done in O(N), and finding the diameter of the final tree can be done in O(N) as well, so the overall complexity remains O(N).

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The problem C is not so hard as it seems in my opinion, I solved it in the folowing way : take the two sequences of length n - 1, one is suppose to be the prefix and another the suffix of the original string and the original string is either a[0] + b or b[0] + a. Just try both possibilities and take the good one.

When taking a[0] + b you should check as well if the letters in a from position [1, size] are equal with the letters in b from [0, size - 1], same goes for b[0] + a.

Hope this helps somebody, for more details take a look at my submission.

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5 years ago, # |
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Oops, what wrong with the winners? It seems to be Doma_Umaru only got rank 5 instead of 1 (I found on his/her profile), and absolutely_bu01th4nh got rank 1?

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5 years ago, # |
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your previous round was one of the best rounds i've seen since i join codeforces

hope to see such a great contest again