vovuh's blog

By vovuh, history, 5 years ago, translation, In English

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Hello! Codeforces Round 565 (Div. 3) will start at Jun/09/2019 17:35 (Moscow time). You will be offered 6 or 7 problems (or 8) with expected difficulties to compose an interesting competition for participants with ratings up to 1600. Probably, participants from the first division will not be at all interested by this problems. And for 1600-1899 the problems will be too easy. However, all of you who wish to take part and have rating 1600 or higher, can register for the round unofficially.

The round will be hosted by rules of educational rounds (extended ACM-ICPC). Thus, during the round, solutions will be judged on preliminary tests, and after the round it will be a 12-hour phase of open hacks. I tried to make strong tests — just like you will be upset if many solutions fail after the contest is over.

You will be given 6 or 7 (or 8) problems and 2 hours to solve them.

Note that the penalty for the wrong submission in this round (and the following Div. 3 rounds) is 10 minutes.

Remember that only the trusted participants of the third division will be included in the official standings table. As it is written by link, this is a compulsory measure for combating unsporting behavior. To qualify as a trusted participants of the third division, you must:

  • take part in at least two rated rounds (and solve at least one problem in each of them),
  • do not have a point of 1900 or higher in the rating.

Regardless of whether you are a trusted participant of the third division or not, if your rating is less than 1600, then the round will be rated for you.

Thanks to MikeMirzayanov for the platform, help with ideas for problems and for coordination of my work. Thanks to my good friends Mikhail awoo Piklyaev, Maksim Neon Mescheryakov and Ivan BledDest Androsov for help in round preparation and testing the round.

Good luck!

I also would like to say that participants who will submit wrong solutions on purpose and hack them afterwards (example) will not be shown in the hacking leaders table.

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UPD1: Big thanks to Um_nik, Rudy1444, nigus, _overrated_ and Temotoloraia for testing the round! And also big thanks to my dear friends Ivan BledDest Androsov, Roman Roms Glazov and Mikhail awoo Piklyaev for help with round preparation!

UPD2: Editorial is published!

UPD3:

Congratulations to the winners:

Rank Competitor Problems Solved Penalty
1 Yushen 6 235
2 IMRED 6 293
3 BudiArb 6 345
4 xenoframium 6 350
5 njchung93 6 439

Congratulations to the best hackers:

Rank Competitor Hack Count
1 nikolapesic2802 69:-15
2 stefdasca 42:-11
3 dorijanlendvaj 15:-11
4 orz_liuwei 10:-11
5 interestingLSY 5:-1
170 successful hacks and 236 unsuccessful hacks were made in total!

And finally people who were the first to solve each problem:

Problem Competitor Penalty
A riz_1_ 0:02
B _ekaterina_dudina 0:04
C BudiArb 0:05
D hxylalala 0:18
E csts.21 0:17
F njchung93 0:32

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5 years ago, # |
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It will be a great contest... Best of Luck to all...

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Div3 Contest == vovuh

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ITS INDIA VS AUSTRALIA IN THE CRICKET WORLD CUP ....#TIMECLASH

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5 years ago, # |
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I think that "copy-pasted part" is just a dead meme, let it go

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    No! It's a tradition! It will forever be there!

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5 years ago, # |
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Let me think :

$$$ Div.3 \Leftarrow \Rightarrow Div.(1+2) $$$

so why not rated for someone whose rating is more than 1600

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    mathematics 100

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Let me rethink :

    $$$Div.2 \Leftarrow \Rightarrow Div.(1 + 1)$$$

    so why not rated for someone whose rating is more than 2100

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      mathematics 2100

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      A further thinking:

      $$$Div.2 \Leftarrow \Rightarrow Div.(3-1)$$$

      so why not rated for someone whose rating is more than 1600 and less than 1900

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      Div.3 participants are very lucky

      Div.3 ⇐⇒ Div.(2 + 3)

      Also can take a part in Div.2 contests

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        5 years ago, # ^ |
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        lucky
        div. 3
        it is like saying "paralympians are lucky because they can participate at paralympiads"

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    the next prepare many DIVs for you,the div3 is for the rating lower than 1600

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    The trick is to get lucky, this is the second time I fall from expert to specialist and the next round is DIV3.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    haha

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cheer up

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Wish everyone have fun!

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5 years ago, # |
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I just want to say I appreciate the Slay the Spire problem.

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What is the solution for F? I can't understand why my dp solution didn't work. I had dp[i][j] that means maximum cost for the first i rounds if the count of the total cards we use is j modulo 10.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    I had the same idea and it got AC https://ideone.com/rRrMmW

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      Well I still don't get it my solution is wrong. I almost did the same things as you. Can someone please check my code?

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        5 years ago, # ^ |
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        I think the cause of the problem is this code: int t; if (j % 10 != 0) t = 1; else t = 2;
        Check, for example, this test case:

        4
        3
        1 1
        1 1
        1 1
        3
        1 1
        1 1
        1 1
        3
        1 1
        1 1
        1 1
        3
        1 1
        1 1
        1 1
        

        The answer is 13 while you program prints 12

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          5 years ago, # ^ |
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          Ah, shit. Thanks for you help, the problem was the case when new 10'th is created. Now I fixed it T_T

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    My solution had the same idea also and it fails on testcase 2. Did you take into consideration that you can reorder the cards of each round however you want?

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    I've got accepted with this idea.

    int dp[2][10]; /// cur/prev, cards count modulo => max damage
    

    55365600

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    This is the solution for F, maybe you made mistake in considering the different cases.

    1. Choose only one three cost card (if exists)

    2. Choose one two cost card and one, one cost card (if exists)

    3. Choose one two cost card (if exists)

    4. Choose 1-3, one cost card (if exist)

    5. Choose no card.

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      Instead of considering multiple cases we can do the following:

      1. Store at most three cards that give most damage for each cost
      2. Iterate through all possible combinations of amounts of cards for each cost. So we can take $$$(0,1,2,3)$$$ of cost $$$1$$$, $$$(0,1,2,3)$$$ of cost $$$2$$$ and $$$(0,1,2,3)$$$ of cost $$$3$$$. In total $$$4^3 = 64$$$ possible combinations (not of them are valid, of course, but we can check it manually for each combination)
      3. For each combination check that total cost of all taken cards is less than $$$3$$$
      4. List all damages of taken cards in common list and sort it
      5. Now we can easily get the amount of damages with doubled card and without doubled card and update our DP with these results
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Why is this TLE?

TLE

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    There can be up to $$$2*10^5$$$ test cases in the problem with graph containing only one edge (1, 2). Your solution creates so many arrays of size $$$2*10^5$$$ each, and it leads to quadratic complexity of the solution. Replace all arrays with vectors of size $$$n$$$ instead of $$$2*10^5$$$.

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      Same happened with me. But vovuh I have declared a global array fo all test cases. Why does this give TLE? Shouldn't the memory allocation be just once for all test cases as I have used a global adjacency list??

      55377706

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        5 years ago, # ^ |
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        In your case the problem is in the adjacency lists. Where do you clear them between test cases? I think your bfs works too long overall. I don't know how it passed the first test lol.

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I was completely surprised by how hard these Div3 tasks were..

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    I dont know. As for me, it was not too hard. A,B — quite standard problems. C — binary search, D — Sieve of Eratosthenes, E — vertex paint. But maybe i'm wrong

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      C can be solved in O(n).

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      You're not wrong at all, its my fault that I didn't get these, but the fact that on the previous Div2 contest I got ABC and I couldn't even get Div3 B now is stupid from me. Looking at the solutions, the solutions are pretty clear, but they didn't seem pretty clear to me when I was trying to create one by myself. I'm just venting because I've tried really hard to come up with a solution but I couldn't do it because of simple restrictions in the problems that I just couldn't overcome.

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Can you hack my randomized solution for E? 55348371

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I was not able to solve a single problem in this contest. Any direction to improve this. I was stuck in question number one itself for more than 1.30 hrs. in the last minute I got a correct solution for the test cases but forgot how to take input from multiple newline.

Any direction would be helpful.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Whats number of the taks?

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    The best and straightforward answer is just solve more problems. I've started CF 2-3 months ago, and I'm better now than I was then purely because I've simply solved more problems.

    I managed to only solve A in this contest when I usually do ABC in Div3, but that attributes to me mostly not solving enough problems that are similar to this.

    All other advice pale in reference to the first I provided you, but its also nice to know that Div3 ABC and Div2 ABC can almost always be solved greedily (they just require implementation/data structures and not complex algorithms like graphs or dynamical programming).

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    In fact, A was not as easy as it should be. I solved it by trying in which order the three operations should be applied. But I still dont know why the one I finally submitted works, and others do not. B was less problem for me than A. As a suggestion, try to keep calm if it does not work out as expected.

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How do I delete a comment

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Why is this approach wrong for the problem E:

For every edge, if a vertex is not taken and is not visited by a previously taken vertex then I will take this vertex. Any sample case to prove that I might take more than n/2 vertices.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Example from awoo:

    Picture

    If you'll start coloring from the vertex $$$5$$$, you cannot take less than $$$3$$$ vertices to cover all vertices (vertices can be reordered so the vertex $$$5$$$ will be vertex $$$1$$$ or something like this).

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Consider a chain of length 3. If you start from one end, you will need to color 2 vertices which is more than 1.

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      If both nodes are unvisited I was taking one with a greater degree so this case was being covered but the example from vovuh is what I was missing.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    maybe smth like 1 -- 2 -- 3 -- 4 -- 5, you get 1,3 and 5?

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getting runtime error in problem D but working fine on local ide.

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For D, you need to sort the array and then look at the largest number, say L. If its kth prime, then L can't be part of original array, so we add k as one of the elements of original array. We remove L and k after this from array and repeat. If L were composite, then it definitely gets added to original array and we remove L and its highest divisor from the array. The highest divisor can be found easily if you store for every number what is the smallest prime that divides it. Use seive smartly.

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For E, just color the graph with alternating white and black colors. I know it may not be bipartite but its okay. Then if white nodes are more than N/2, we chose black nodes.

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What is wrong with this approach for E : I will consider all the nodes which has only 1 adjacent node and take that one adjacent node into the answer set(not the node which has only 1 adjacent node).Then go for the the existing nodes one by one and if not adjacent to any node that i picked already I will take that too.

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Testcase 6 in problem C ?

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Number theory and Graph theory? it seems really difficult for div3

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Can anyone tell why I am getting TLE in Problem C at TC:7 https://codeforces.com/contest/1176/submission/55371060

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    maybe due to the use of remove function. I was doing the same at first attempt .

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What is wrong with this solution 55346608 of B?

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    rem[1] -= min(rem[1],rem[2]); rem[2] -= min(rem[1],rem[2]);

    when you subtract from rem [1], the result increases as the already subtracted rem [1] is subtracted from rem [2]

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    You are changing the value of res[1] before calculating min(res[1],res[2]). Store the value in some other variable and then u can use it later. I have corrected your code : https://codeforces.com/contest/1176/submission/55376346

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What is the hacking test case for Solution E ??

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Is it legal for codeforces? If so, it seems to me unfair

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      I meant share hacking test with others

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        5 years ago, # ^ |
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        The contest is already over and I think any discussion about only seems useful

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      How is it unfair?

      Nobody is being awarded any marks for hacking other's submission.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    In my case: My solution got Hacked because of using memset(visited,0,sizeof(visited)); for each test case. The size of visited array in my soln was 2e5. So if the number of test case is 2e5, it will give TLE. :/

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This is really strange behaviour I have observed. My solution is absolutely correct but still giving tle. can someone look into this. Thanks in advance.

My solution

It is really annoying to see people with the same approach pass the solution. where as my solution fails.

Soulution with similiar Approach that passed

Aonther Such Solution

And here one more

I kindly request community to help me figure out the issue. Correct solution being hacked due to some disgusting silly tight time constraint is really frustrating..

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    you use memset T times

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Using memset T times: giving TLE. Even my solution got hacked due to same reason :/

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      I guess that's really awful. getting tle for absolutely correct solution. what say?? Such silly tight time constraints shouldn't be entertained. Even if one puts up correct solution, getting unsuccessful verdict for this is really not done.

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        5 years ago, # ^ |
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        Well, I think that we should have been more careful about it. It was clearly written that the number of test case are till 2e5. We could've done without using memset. Check my latest submission.

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        5 years ago, # ^ |
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        I don't see anything awful. Maybe you see this for first time. But doing something unnecessary should not be entertained and that's what problem author has done! When you don't need $$$2\times 10^5$$$ nodes in each test case then why using memset? You should know about the functions before using them.

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Can you explain me why is it working as it is working?

55375918 this solution gets OK

55375854 this solution get TL

But the problem is, the asymptotic is the same.

The difference is that in first submission we check from 2 to x-1

and in second from x-1 to 2.

Am I missing something?

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    The number 1530169 = 1237 * 1237 is not a prime, so in the first program you will iterate from 2 to 1237, but in the second program you will iterate from 1530168 to 1237.

    • In the worse case the first program will iterate from 2 to sqrt(x).
    • In the worse case the second program will iterate from x-1 to sqrt(x).
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Will an unsuccesful hacking attempt affect my rank?

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I am curious about how to do for minimum number of vertices in question E, anybody can help?

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When you get WA on submitting C.

PS: Those who have watched Lost will relate.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Indeed, this number sequence is the one used in "Lost".

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WTF !!!

Memset gave me TLE in E.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    I think it's because you use memset in the beginning of each test case. Which is around 1e5 test cases, and you use memset for an array with a size of around 1e5, so its basically a TLE.

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is using memset inside the test cases loop making E questions wrong ?? Hard Luck to those who have not taken care of it.

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How to solve problem E ?

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    You can DFS or BFS start from node 1 to build a tree of the graph. Now if the number of nodes which have odd degree is <= n / 2 then the answer is all of them, otherwise the anwser is all the nodes which have even degree.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Notice that this problem can be solved on a tree this way:

    1. paint a tree in two colors (black / white), this way each edge will connect vertices of different color and it will guarantee us that each white vertex is connected with at least one black and vice versa
    2. splitting vertices into two groups guarantees us that one of these groups will not be greater than $$$\lfloor \frac{n}{2} \rfloor$$$ (application of Pigeonhole principle)
    3. We can select any group of vertices to solve the original problem, so we need to select smaller group of vertices

    Now, we can notice that removing edges from our graph without breaking it into multiple connectivity components does not affect the solution correctness (if we satisty all conditions with less amount of edges, we still satisfy it for any additional edges). This allows us to delete some edges from our graph without breaking connectivity. So, we can delete all edges and only leave a spanning tree of our graph (we can do it with DFS) and solve problem on a tree.

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      understood ! thank you very much.

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      how i can get a tree by delete some edge?i do not understand you

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        5 years ago, # ^ |
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        We can find an edge that does not break a graph connectivity and delete it from our graph. If we will repeat this operation until there is no edge left that can be removed from the graph without breaking conectivity the graph will become a tree. This happens because we can only delete an edge that is included in some cycle in a graph and when we will eliminate all cycles in given graph it will becaome a tree. Such tree is called spanning tree of our graph.

        But in practice it is not efficient to build spanning tree of a graph by iterativety deleting edges and checking connectivity after this. We can utilize some graph traversal algorithm here, such as DFS or BFS. These algoriithms have an important property: they visit each vertex only once. So, we can track the edge that was used to come to each vertex for the first time (except for the starting vertex). Obviously there will be no cycles in choosen edges, so we will get a tree that connects every vertex that can be reached from the starting vertex. So, we get a spanning tree of our graph.

        These trees are also called DFS-tree or BFS-tree and have some additional useful properties along with being a spanning trees of a given graph.

        Hope this explanation helps.

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if anyone wants to hack plz hack my solution of E i want to know whether it is correct ??

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Bop it!

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Hey guys, I have made a new app Coding List which contains all live, upcoming programming competitions from hackerearth, kaggle, codechef, codeforces, topcoder, aigaming, hackster, codinggame, hackerrank, projecteuler, atcoder and many more.

A must have app for programmers. Please rate and review it. Try it here https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.github.vikasgola.coding_list

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ss

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Can anyone please tell why am I getting TLE in Problem E: 55381696 Thank you..

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Did C using recursion(dfs style). But I guess many did in iterative way. Anyways complexity comes out to be $$$O(n)$$$.

Here is the Code

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5 years ago, # |
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Hey guys, can anyone tell me what's wrong with my solution for C (https://codeforces.com/contest/1176/submission/55357077) ? I fail test 7 and I don't see why. Maybe someone can tell me a counterexample for my approach.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    i don't know if that is the main problem or not .. but test like this

     14
     4 8 15 16 23 23 42 4 8 42 15 16 23 42
    

    fails in your code .. you pop from the queue whenever you enter the function even if the sequence isn't right so you affect the following sequences.

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5 years ago, # |
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Can someone tell me why this TLE plz? Thanks! Code

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    you define vector t times with size MAXN.

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5 years ago, # |
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Editorials?

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5 years ago, # |
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did it rating?

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5 years ago, # |
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The writer of F( Destroy it!) must be a Slay the Spire player !

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5 years ago, # |
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Can someone check my code in Problem D? I have no idea about why it got Memory limit exceeded on test 5.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    your bug is in finding maxD. actually you're finding greatest prime factor! and cause of this you may erase something which is not in multiset(st.end()) from it and you get memory limit in this case

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      I get it. I should read the problem description closely. Thank you!

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    I think you're incorrect fill maxD. maxD at your logic is max prime divisor while you need there to just max divisor.

    You can fix it, if replace maxD with minD and try to find p / minD[p] instead of maxD[p].

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5 years ago, # |
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Good contest with less number of hacks :)

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5 years ago, # |
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Can someone help me? Problem C, my code I am getting answer 65 in test case 65 instead of 64.

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5 years ago, # |
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I suggest you read my_solution for problem F(Destroy it!). I have dp[N][10] that dp[i][j] is maximum sum if we have get x cards from first i round and x mod 10 = j. and it's easy to see that in each round we may use only 3 strongest card that cost 1, strongest card cost 2 and strongest card cost 3 so by a mask on these(at most 5)cards you can update dp easily. if you have shorter solution please tell me

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    I think this is intended solution. I have something similar but I didn't debug yet. And I really doubt there is something shorter

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5 years ago, # |
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In problem E why an output of:

2

4 5

wrong for the test case:

5 8

2 5

2 1

5 1

4 5

1 4

2 4

3 4

3 5

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    For this test case your output is correct. But in test#2 there are 40057 testcases. You just wrong output in some other testcase.

    P.S. Your solution is incorrect for graph-chain. Lets imagine graph 1-2-3-4-5-6. There are 6 vertexes. And you output n / 2 vertexes with smallest degrees. There you can output vertexes 1, 6, 2. And vertex 4 remain unconnected.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    your solution isn't correct let's try this:

    1

    7 6

    1 2

    1 3

    1 4

    2 5

    3 6

    4 7

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5 years ago, # |
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Sorry if this question is trivial but I don't relly get the solution of C. I think that we just need to find the number of subsequences that can be formed from the given array by finding the minimum frequency of 4, 8, 15, 16, 23 and 42, right. But that solution fails at test 6, which I don't understand why because clearly we can have 13 subsequences in this case.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Your solution doesn't respect order of numbers.
    As said in task:

    "Examples of bad arrays:

    [4,8,15,16,42,23] (the order of elements should be exactly 4,8,15,16,23,42);..."

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5 years ago, # |
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Can someone please have a look at my code for problem D. I can't understand why it is giving WA on test case 20. Thanks

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5 years ago, # |
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Editorial please

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5 years ago, # |
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Can somebody help me out here? This submission for problem A where i used map to store results gets TLE whereas this one which uses brute force doesn't. Shouldn't the former just reduce complexity?

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    First solution does three recursive calls, second always does only one.

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      Oops, I didn't even notice that i used if instead of else if there, this was quite stupid to even ask, Btw Thanks mate.

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5 years ago, # |
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for problem A why do you choose this order of operation 4*n/5 , 2*n/3 , n / 2 ?

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    I don't think the order matters in this question, as the number of steps depends on the prime factors of the number itself. Let's take 60 for example, here 60 = 3 * 5 * 2 * 2 ; so it will always require 2 operation 1, 1 operation 2 and 1 operation 3 and as second and third operation multiplies 2 and 4(2 * 2) respectively, we would need to apply first operation 3 more times. Hence, the answer would be 1 + 1 + 2 + 3 = 7 irrespective of the order of operations applied.

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      let's take n = 10 and order /2 , 4/5 ,2/3 then n is 10 , 5 , 4 this outputs -1 so order does matter if u do it this type of operations but i think you to wanted to get its factors so you do /2 , ans ++ , /5 , ans+= 3 , /3 ,ans+= 2 ,

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        5 years ago, # ^ |
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        Dude, for 10 if you apply 1st operation first then it would go like this 10 -> 5 -> 4 -> 2 -> 1 (applying 1st operation two more times when n was transformed into 4). if you apply 2nd operation first then it would go like this, 10 -> 8 -> 4 -> 2 -> 1. Number of operations remains same irrespective of order (in this case it is 4). And this should hold for every number as number of operation depends solely on the factors of that number.

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5 years ago, # |
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Getting WA in problem D. My logic:

First, I sorted the given array in descending order. If a number is composite, I printed it and removed this number and it's highest divisor. Finally, The array contained only prime numbers and printed lowest half of prime numbers. My submission.

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Your algo is correct

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      5 years ago, # ^ |
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      But, why getting WA ?

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        5 years ago, # ^ |
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        "The array contained only prime numbers and printed lowest half of prime numbers" — I think this is incorrect.

        3
        2 3 3 5 5 11

        Correct answer: 2 3 5
        Your answer: 2 3 3

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5 years ago, # |
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Can you please make an editorial for this contest?

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5 years ago, # |
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Editorials?

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5 years ago, # |
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Div.1⇐⇒Div.(2−3+3-1)

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5 years ago, # |
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Hello, I have no idea how a girl @hdude0164 managed to copy my solution during the contest. I don't know her by any chance whatsoever. I don't use any online IDEs, I use dev cpp on my laptop and submit the solutions on codeforces. I don't know what else could be provided as proof to prove my innocence. I had submitted the solution 15 minutes prior to her. Plus i did some research, her original account is @chhavij and this is surely some fake account. Please look into it.

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5 years ago, # |
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Are there editorials?

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5 years ago, # |
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Also, can someone explain why is C a binary search problem?

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5 years ago, # |
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When will the editorials be published?vovuh

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5 years ago, # |
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Hi

I saw you need editorial so i wrote this my self i hope it's useful for you

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5 years ago, # |
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In problem E how can we find the minimum number of nodes to be chosen to satisfy the given condition

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    5 years ago, # ^ |
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    Wow such an amazing problem!

    But it seems to be NP hard cause I think if we can solve this we will solve that type of SAT that want minimum sum of variables.

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5 years ago, # |
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https://codeforces.com/contest/1176/submission/55406758 Can someone explain me why is it failing?

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5 years ago, # |
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Why is this solution right solution ? 55421378

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5 years ago, # |
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Best of Luck for your first contest as a problemsetter.