Brief overview:-↵
==================↵
The functions upper_bound() and lower_bound() functions are useful when we have data stored in a non-decreasingly sorted format and in a given range in the data structure we want to find out:↵
↵
1. position of the smallest number just > (greater) a given number↵
2. position of the smallest number >= (greater than or equal to) a given number↵
↵
we can use these 2 functions.↵
↵
Lets take an example data and understand:-↵
`vector<int> a = {5,6,9,9,10,15,19,25};`↵
↵
upper_bound() :-↵
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- returns an iterator pointing to the element just greater than the given number↵
↵
lower_bound() :-↵
------------------↵
- returns an iterator pointing to the element greater than or equal to the given number- upper_bound of:↵
1. 5 will give an iterator pointing to 6 located at index 1.↵
2. 9 will give an iterator pointing to 10 located at index 5.↵
3. 2 will give an iterator a.begin() i.e., element 5 located at index 0.↵
4. 25 will give an iterator a.end() as there is no such element > 25 in the list.↵
↵
↵
lower_bound() :-↵
------------------↵
- returns an iterator pointing to the element greater than or equal to the given number↵
- lower_bound of ↵
1. 15 will give an iterator pointing to 15 located at index 5.↵
2. 9 will give an iterator pointing to 9 located at index 2. (will give the leftmost occurrence in case of multiple data)↵
3. 2 will give an iterator a.begin() i.e., element 5 located at index 0.↵
4. 30 will give an iterator a.end() as there is no such element >= 30 in the list.↵
==================↵
The functions upper_bound() and lower_bound() functions are useful when we have data stored in a non-decreasingly sorted format and in a given range in the data structure we want to find out:↵
↵
1. position of the smallest number just > (greater) a given number↵
2. position of the smallest number >= (greater than or equal to) a given number↵
↵
we can use these 2 functions.↵
↵
Lets take an example data and understand:-↵
`vector<int> a = {5,6,9,9,10,15,19,25};`↵
↵
upper_bound() :-↵
------------------↵
- returns an iterator pointing to the element just greater than the given number↵
lower_bound() :-↵
------------------↵
- returns an iterator pointing to the element greater than or equal to the given number
1. 5 will give an iterator pointing to 6 located at index 1.↵
2. 9 will give an iterator pointing to 10 located at index 5.↵
3. 2 will give an iterator a.begin() i.e., element 5 located at index 0.↵
4. 25 will give an iterator a.end() as there is no such element > 25 in the list.↵
↵
↵
lower_bound() :-↵
------------------↵
- returns an iterator pointing to the element greater than or equal to the given number↵
- lower_bound of ↵
1. 15 will give an iterator pointing to 15 located at index 5.↵
2. 9 will give an iterator pointing to 9 located at index 2. (will give the leftmost occurrence in case of multiple data)↵
3. 2 will give an iterator a.begin() i.e., element 5 located at index 0.↵
4. 30 will give an iterator a.end() as there is no such element >= 30 in the list.↵
