### TheScrasse's blog

By TheScrasse, history, 3 weeks ago,

Author: TheScrasse
Preparation: MyK_00L

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Solution

Official solution: 107232596

1485B - Replace and Keep Sorted

Author: TheScrasse
Preparation: Keewrem

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Solution

Official solution: 107232462

1485C - Floor and Mod

Authors: isaf27, TheScrasse
Preparation: Keewrem

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Solution

Official solution: 107232416

1485D - Multiples and Power Differences

Author: TheScrasse
Preparation: MyK_00L

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Solution

Official solution: 107232359

1485E - Move and Swap

Author: TheScrasse
Preparation: TheScrasse

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Solution

Official solution: 107232216

1485F - Copy or Prefix Sum

Author: TheScrasse
Preparation: TheScrasse

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Solution

Official solution: 107232144

• +263

 » 13 days ago, # |   +21 Love editorials with hints! Also a good but not great contest!!
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   -13 Video Editorial Problem D: Multiples and Power Differences
•  » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   -7 Great to see so many people now post video editorials! Thank you so much, it really helps a lot!
•  » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   -10 Well explained
•  » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 Thanks a lot don't know why people down-voted
•  » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   +3 I think because reply was off topic to parent comment. It was good if same comment was made separately.
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   +7 Why not?
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 Video editorial for C Floor and Mod: https://youtu.be/ap-q_wQn7BE Solution in O(sqrt(x)).
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 Can anyone explain the hint A problem to me
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   +5 The idea is to first increase b as much as you want then perform operation 1. The reason is :- Lets say you divide first and then increase b, our a will be floor(a/b) and b will be b+1. If we increase b first then finally a will be floor(a/(b+1)) and b will be b+1. You can similarly prove for more number of operations. So once you know that we have to increment b first, the question is by how much. You will see that if we start with b and increment b till it reaches b+k ( k steps ), you will now need to integer divide a by b+k until a != 0. Lets call the number of steps to do so to be 'l'. So total number of steps will be l+k. I observed that we dont need to go very far away as that would increase k by very much but l wont be affected that much. So I started with b and went until b+100 and took the minimum value of l+k for every b in this range. P.S : Sorry I dont know how to use mathematical symbols
•  » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 Sorry ,but i dont get,how do u know to increase b only to a 100????
•  » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   +16 Its pure intuition,as you can see in the editorial, it turns out that we dont even need to increase above 30. To get b->b+k we need k steps and to get a->0 we need O(log(a)) steps where base is b+k, we can observe that as b+k increases, the function log(a) doesnt decrease very fast and thats why I thought we dont need to increase b by a lot as that would increase total number of steps more than what log(a) would decrease and the net effect would be that we would require more steps.
•  » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   -35 I also didnt get how 30 comes...and how should I even realize that...:( Bad Problem
•  » » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   +8 I approached in this way: Let's not keep track of count of type2 operation before doing type1 operation. Code#include using namespace std; #define fastio ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); cout.tie(NULL); #define input_output freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin); freopen("output.txt", "w", stdout); int fun(int x, int y){ int cnt = 0; while(x > 0){ x /= y; cnt++; } return cnt; } void solve(){ int ans = 0, x, y; cin>>x>>y; if(y == 1) y += 1, ans++; while(fun(x,y) >= fun(x, y+1) + 1){ y = y+1; ans++; } ans += fun(x, y); cout<>t; while(t--){ solve(); } return 0; } 
•  » » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   +40 You cant understand solution --> bad problem.Amazing logic
•  » » » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 XD...was waiting for this comment to appear...no not understanding the editorial is not the reason to consider it a bad problem...
•  » » » » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 OK, understand you :)
•  » » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 If you will check for a=1,000,000,000 and b=2 the ans is 30 So,increasing b to b+30 is enough to check.
•  » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 we need almost 30 operations when it s 2 I agree. but how is it related to incrementing b by only 30 times and checking the minimum possibility scenario of each incremented b. why not more than 30 increments of b?
•  » » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   +14 Because if you use 30 steps for incrementing then you need one more step for dividing, making it totally 31 steps. Instead of that you could have.simply used 30 steps all in dividing, which would have brought a down to 0 already.
•  » » » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 Nice One this is what I was looking for Thanks Bro.
•  » » » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 Good explanation
•  » » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   0 Thank you for this response — was mad confused but this was helpful :)
•  » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   +8 We can rewrite the question as min(x-b+(ln(a)/(ln(x))) for all x>=b. Of course, there is some rounding off business, which we do at last. So consider this fnc, if we differentiate this function, we get 1-(ln(a)/x), so we get a minimum at x=ln(a), but it may be also possible that ln(a) is less than b, so if we take the worst possible ln(a) it won't cross ln(10^9), which comes around 25. So we can iterate x from b to ln(a)+5, and obtain a minimum value. Well, this analysis is rough. So b we can increase up to up to 25 or so, but the editorial gives a better limit.
•  » » » » » 11 days ago, # ^ |   0 You differentiated it incorrectly:$d_x \frac{ln(a)}{\ln(x)} = - \frac{\ln(a)}{x \ln^2(x)}$Therefore after differentiation you must get the equation$1 - \frac{\ln(a)}{x \ln^2(x)} = 0$The upper limit for $a$ is $10^9$. Therefore we arrive to$x \ln^2(x) = 9 \ln(10)$The left part is strictly less than $0$ for $x \leqslant 6$ and it becomes positive for $x \geqslant 7$, where $x \in N$.As the minimum of $f(x) = x - b + \frac{\ln(a)}{\ln(x)}$ is somewhere between $6$ and $7$ we suffice with at most $6$ iterations provided that we start from $b = 1$ (ending up at $7$).Otherwise we need to iterate upwards only until $b >= 7$. So that if you start with $b = 10$ you do zero iterations!
•  » » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   0 You can type $...$ to insert math, where "..." is latex math expression. Common examples: $a_{1} + a^{2}$ --> $a_{1} + a^{2}$$\frac{a}{b}$ --> $\frac{a}{b}$
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 It wants to say that we should increment $b$ first as much we want and then do the divide operations . Because that way number of division operations would be less.
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 Problem A can also be done with Ternary Search on total operations. But I can't formally prove that this function will have a global minima. Can somebody help ? Submission
 » 13 days ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   +1 Why solution of problem E's complexity is $O(n\log n)$?upd:now it's ok
 » 13 days ago, # |   +41 Good contest but I think first 4 problems were all heavily based on Maths (except B).Would have been great contest if atleast one was from another topic making problemset more balanced.
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 B,C,D involved math but some ideas outside math was also required . Like binary search in C (not necessary though) , prefix sum in B , chess coloring in D. Also though i didn't read E,F they are tagged as DP and data structures.
 » 13 days ago, # |   +7 Thanks for the interesting problems and the fast editorial!
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 Very nice problems. Every problem had something to offer at least till D(didn't see E and F). I wish I could upvote more for the nice editorial with hints. Looking forward to more contests from the authors.
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 I solved A but don't know why it worked , now i am reading editorial of A, lol
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 lol
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 I don't know why are you commenting, lol
•  » » » 13 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 what are you doing here even you didn't participated this contest , that's why you can not understand why i comment here.lol
•  » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 lol
•  » » » » 9 days ago, # ^ |   0 Newbies just spam everywhere!
•  » » » » » 9 days ago, # ^ |   0 pupils think they are very smart,lol
•  » » » » » » 8 days ago, # ^ |   -13 No!!
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 Thanks for fast editorial
 » 13 days ago, # |   -8 I love math forces! Thanks for great editorials. This round is my favorite.
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 Can someone please tell why this code for problem C is giving TLE, inspite of O(sqrt(x)) solution? Code: 107231229
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   +1 Because in works in O(min(x, y) — sqrt(x, y)) >= O(sqrt(x, y))
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   +1 Is it O(sqrt(x))? Because I think you are iterating from sqrt(x) to x, which I think is O(x).
 » 13 days ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   +93 I see what you did there ;) Problem — Floor and Mod
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 Is this dejaVu ? Cause I already saw this in the contest blog ig.
•  » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 I earlier posted it there but for some reason it got removed.
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 ROFL !! Keen observer !!
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 I see that your upvote count is nearing 69 hope it stays there :rofl:
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 The contest was really enjoyable! Thanks for the fast editorials!
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 was a good contest .. good work authors ...and editorial with hints is really a good idea :)
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 I used the same logic in div2A. Can someone please help me where I went wrong?Link to submission: https://codeforces.com/contest/1485/submission/107217438
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   +6 I guess it's because double are devil. On case 5 test 3 your l should be 3 but its just à little bit less because of approximation your flag isn't activated, rewrite without double and log and it should work
•  » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 Thanks, got it. I never knew this happened with log. Could you explain why exactly does this happen?PS. It's so annoying to get WA for such a silly mistake, could've been a specialist for the first time mayb :( .
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 Why does first solution in F has complexity O(N^2*log N)? Don't we have O(N^2) elements in map in worst case (if almost all subsegments have different sums) and get complexity O(N^3*log N)?
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   +3 The possible different sums for each length are $O(n)$, because they only depend on the rightmost $i$ such that $b_i = \sum_{k=1}^{i} a_k$.
•  » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 It was too easy) Thank you!
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 In the editorial of problem A, it is given that even if we check the value of b up to 6 it will work. can someone explain why ?
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 Not a formal proof, but here's an intuitive way to explain it: log(1e9)/log(b+1)+1
•  » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 I did not understand how it proves that, can you explain it?
•  » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   +3 The number of moves needed without increasing $b$, is $\frac{log(a)}{log(b)}$So, if $\frac{log(a)}{log(b+1)}+1>\frac{log(a)}{log(b)}$, it means it's not convenient to increase $b$.For all $a$ up to $10^9$, this is true for every $b >= 6$, so it is never convenient to increase $b$ if it is $>=6$
•  » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 Yes, I got it now. Thanks a lot!!
•  » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 For all $a$ up to $10^9$, this is true for every $b>=6$, so it is never convenient to increase $b$ if it is $>=6$ We can say this only by verifying or there is some short way to get the above conclusion using the formula in your comment ?
•  » » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 5 →   +3 Yeah, you can solve for $b$ in that inequality. Also, that inequality is just $log_{b + 1}a + 1 < log_ba$.
•  » » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   0 Ok, so i think we need to first put the value of $a$ and then solve for $b$ .But to justify for all $a<=1e9$ using this formula , we need to iterate for all values of $a$.
•  » » » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   0 If you can justify it for a particular $a$, then it holds true for any $a$.
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 It's trivial to prove that the answer is <= 31 because you can solve it with +1 to make it 2 and divide it by 2 30 times. So test it up until 31 if that makes you happy.
•  » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 yes this one I understood, but I wanted to know why 6 is enough and how you come up with that
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 can anyone can expalin the solution of C problem ,k^2
 » 13 days ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   0 I understood the O(n^2logn) solution of problem F. But I don't get how to get rid of first layer of dp. Specifically in the editorial — Let's try to get rid of the first layer of the dp. It turns out that the operations required are....can anyone explain this ?
 » 13 days ago, # |   +15 Here are video solutions to all problems, a challenge version of E, and a lesson on how to misread problems (of course, the last two things are totally unrelated)
 » 13 days ago, # |   +4 An easier solution for A with dp if you don't know how to prove your greedy solution, here. Dp state is represented by $a$ & $b$. At every stage we have two choices: 1) divide $a$ by $b$. 2) increase $b$ by 1. Now take the minimum of these two at every state. Also in this way we can see that $b$ can go till 1e9, but we can observe that $a$ will be zero if we divide it once with atmost 13 consecutive numbers in worst case. So we can stop if $b$ goes beyond.(for safety i put it 20 instead of 13 in code).
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 Hey I Tried the sama way but used the array and my bad we cant declare array of size 1e9
 » 13 days ago, # | ← Rev. 3 →   0 I got WA in Problem A because I used a log() function :(( for (int i = b; i < b + 50; i++) ans = min(ans, floor(log(a) / log(i)) + i - b); When values are for e.g. a = 18^7 and b = 18, log(a) / log (b) returns 6.9999999999994... something. Does anyone know a better way to use log() and floor() to bypass this issue?
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 temp = (log(a) / log(i)); while(pow(i,temp) <= a ) temp++;ans = min(ans, temp + i — b);
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 floor(log(a)/log(b) + 1e-11) should work
 » 13 days ago, # |   +3 what is greedy solution in problem A and how to prove the last statement in editorial : If we notice that it is never convenient to increase $b$ over $6$, we can also achieve a solution with better complexity.
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   +9 $a = 10^9, b = 1$$2^{30} > a, steps = 31 3^{19} > a, steps = 21 4^{15} > a, steps = 18 5^{13} > a, steps = 17 6^{12} > a, steps = 17 7^{11} > a, steps = 17 8^{10} > a, steps = 17 9^{10} > a, steps = 18 10^{10} > a, steps = 19 •  » » » 13 days ago, # ^ | 0 thanks , example can help to visualize . How to prove it formally ? Like for every a,b <= 1e9 ? •  » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 3 → +3 1). a = 10^9, b \in [1, 10^9]As you can see before, the distribution converges at 5 and diverges from 9 for b = 1 the same holds for any b cuz the difference stays the same.2). a \in [1, 10^9], b = 1Likewise, \exists x \mid log_2a + 1 > log_3a + 2 > \dots > log_xa + x - 1 < log_{x + 1}a + x < \dots.And I can state the same from above, the distribution converges at x and diverges from x + 1 for b = 1 the same holds for any b cuz the difference stays the same.Thus, 6 is the upper-bound for this problem since a can be at most 10^9. P.S. The upper-bound could vary accordingly to a. •  » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ | 0 How to write math in comments? •  » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ | 0 •  » » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ | 0 wow thanks!  » 13 days ago, # | +12 For F the editorial definition is slightly different from what I thought. Define dp[i][j] as the number of ways of using i numbers and getting j = CURRENT_SUM — sum[1....i]. Under this definition, taking a[i] = b[i] makes the next j be the same as j so if we do nothing we already do the transition. For the other transition, we make j = a[i] — sum[1...i] so we take the total number of ways we have so far and exclude the number of ways such that the sum is the same in this transition or simply override dp[i][j] with the total number of ways in i-1 as the official solution does. In the end the code is equal but this way of thinking seems slightly cleaner (in my opinion)  » 13 days ago, # | +17 Very nice problems!! Sad on missing out on Master due to FST in problem B :(  » 13 days ago, # | 0 Hi, I think that I might have a better solution for problem div2A. 107216266 I can't say what the complexity of my submission is with total certainty but I think that maybe it is better than that of the proposed solution. Basically, I try all possible divisors in increasing order while keeping track of the previous answer. When it gets to the point where the current solution is worse than the previous one, then it stops the loop and returns the previous answer.I don't have a formal mathematical proof to state why this works, but it does. It would be great if someone could explain what the complexity of my code is :) •  » » 13 days ago, # ^ | 0 No. Your solution also does the same as it mentioned in the editorial but without fixing any upper-bound. In the editorial, they take 30 as upper-bound and at last they say 6 is quite enough. •  » » 13 days ago, # ^ | 0 Your solution is pretty much the same as the official solution, the complexity is O(log(n)), but it can be done in O(1) if you use the builtin log function (paying attention to floating point errors).The reason why in the editorial we say our complexity is O(log^2(n)) is because we did not prove that the number of increases needed is O(1) (it's not, it's prob something like O(log(log(n)), 6 for these constrains, but if b is greater than that, than you don't need to increase at all), for simplicity we just proved it is O(log(n)) •  » » » 13 days ago, # ^ | 0 Great! thanks •  » » 12 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 3 → 0 A quick proof of correctness is to note that the number of steps required is the pointwise floor of a convex function. f(x) = \lfloor g(x) \rfloor \text{, where } g(x) = x-b + 1 + \frac{\ln a}{\ln x} g'(x) = 1 - \frac{\ln a}{x \cdot (\ln x)^2}$$g'$ is obviously increasing, so that $f(x)$ is non-increasing for $x \cdot (\ln x)^2 \leq \ln a$ and non-decreasing for $x \cdot (\ln x)^2 \leq \ln a$. This also means that the optimal value of $x$ is of order $\frac{\log a}{(\log \log a)^2}$.
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 Great Contest, 1st, 2nd, and 4th questions were purely math-based. They should include problems from other topics as well.
 » 13 days ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   +4 all you have to do in Djust get the lcm for the numbers from 1 to 16and get for every number from the 1 to 16 the multiple to it and call it x and the different between the lcm and x have 4'th sqrt (yeaaaaaaaaah all that just in 1 minute brute force in your local pc)color the grid as a chess boardreplace the black cells by the LCMand replace the white cells by the answer that you got from the brute forcedo you need a proof?ok i don't give a sh....i am just upset because I did not try in D in the contest :(
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 How do you write a brute force efficiently?
•  » » » 13 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 all that will just to get the answer for every number and take it by your hands
•  » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 Nvm, I misunderstood. I thought that you got the idea by bruteforcing the entire solution.By the way, you don't even need to brute force values on white cells, you can just put $720720 + a_{i, j}^4$.
•  » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 yp, i was in brain lag edit: i was thinking that the next number is lcm * aij^4 instead of lcm + aij^4 :(
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 Great problems+fast editorial with hints are the best combo.
 » 13 days ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   +1 For C I have good solution it don't requires math just logical binary search. See think of the graph of quotients plotting on (b) axis. For calcuating the peak of quotients basic observation will be for random number x on b-axis having remainders [a>=(x+1)(x-1)]=>>(a=x^2-1) =>>a+1=x^2.This equation comes from X=(Y.r)+r is now x=(y+1)r. So min value of(sqrt(a+1),b). Cool I got peak ! This is digram.. Now iterate from right end using binary search locate the location where quotient is still the same. And subtract both the points multiplying by number of quotients. In this keep way iterating to peak ((sqrt(a+1),b).
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 My submission link https://codeforces.com/contest/1485/submission/107241098 If any queries do ask.
 » 13 days ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   0 Can anyone tell me why this code for E gets WA on test 3? I followed the (alternate) strategy given in the editorial.submissionEDIT : very dumb errorHere is the corrected implementation of the editorial approach, if it helps.Corrected code
 » 13 days ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   +15 I have a different explanation for problem F , though the final approach is almost the same.At each point we have two choices :1) Make $a[i] = b[i]$2) Make $a[i] = b[i]-$(prefix_sum up to $i-1$ elements in a[]).So answer could have been $2^n$ except when both choices gives the same array. When both the choices give the same array , prefix_sum of $i-1$ elements should be 0. This way I got 2 tasks , (1) Find the number of distinct arrays for first i elements : dp1 , (2) Find the number of distinct arrays for first i elements having sum 0 : dp2.Then we directly have, $dp1_i = (2*dp1_{i-1}) - dp2_{i-1}$.To calculate $dp2_i$, we have one more observation that, when we do operation of type (1), $b[i]$ adds to the previous prefix_sum and for type (2), prefix_sum becomes $b[i]$. This tells us that, prefix sum of i elements in a[] will be a subarray of b ending at i. So $dp2_i$ considers the smallest subarray of b ending at $i-1$ and having sum 0 (This is a standard task using hashmap). Let's say $[x,i-1]$. Then we take a unique subarray of $x-1$ elements, do a type 2 operation for x and do type 1 operation for elements in range $(x+1,i-1)$. This gives $dp2_i = dp1_{x-1}$.
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 In problem C, I'm not getting how we're getting the no. of special pairs just by counting the possible no. of b, because can't there be different a's for a fixed b and a fixed k? If so, then how are they being considered in our answer?
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 $a = kb + k$.
•  » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 Smh. Thanks!
•  » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 In EDITORIAL Therefore, for any fixed k>0, the number of special pairs (a≤x; b≤y) is max(0,min(y,x/k−1)−k). Why we have subtracted k from min(y,x/k−1) and taken maximum of both to count special pairs???
•  » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 3 →   +5 Let's look at the four inequalities required for solving this question: b > k (derived in the editorial) 1 <= b <= y (given in the question) 1 <= k(b + 1) <= x (derived in the editorial)Modifying equation 3, we get 1/k — 1 <= b <= x/k — 1 1 <= k < b (derived in the editorial) (Why k != 0? If k = 0, then a = k*(b + 1) = 0 but a >= 1, so the minimum value of k is 1)Now from equation 1, we know that the minimum value of b is greater than k and from equation 2 we know that the upper limit of b is y.So we get the following inequality if we merge equation 1, 2 and 4k < b <= min(y, x/k — 1)Now we got an open interval at the lower limit and closed interval at the upper limit, so the number of elements in the interval is Upper Limit — Lower Limt = min(y, x/k — 1) — k.Now the value of k can exceed the value of min(y, x/k — 1) since 1 <= k <= sqrt(x) and in this case, we will get negative number of elements in our interval which is not possible. So if we get negative number of elements, in such cases it means we have 0 elements. That is why we must take max(0, upper limit — lower limit).Example: If y = 2, x = 36, k = 6min(2, 36/6 — 1) — 6 = min(2, 5) — 6 = 2 — 6 = —4.
•  » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 Great explanation ! thanks a lot
•  » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 3 →   0 .
•  » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   0 By Division algorithm,$a = b \cdot \lfloor \frac a b \rfloor + r$ where $0 \leq r < b$
•  » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   +1 a mod b = k, that is, k is the remainder when we divide a by b.Now applying Euclid's Division Lemma we can write a = bq + k, where q = $\lfloor{\frac{a}{b}} \rfloor$ = a mod b = k (Given in question)Since k is the remainder, we 0 <= k < b by Euclid's Division Lemma or b > k.
•  » » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   0 Lol, As soon as I commented, This lemma stricked my mind that 0 <= r < b, remainder can't be greater than b. But thanks both of you guys for replying.. :)
•  » » » » » 11 days ago, # ^ |   0 Thank You so much bro!
•  » » » » » 11 days ago, # ^ |   0 Nice explanation , i understood the solution , thanks
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 you dont need to know pairs explicity you can even use binary search to find if a pair exists for a particular remainder that's how I approached. https://codeforces.com/contest/1485/submission/107235525
•  » » » 13 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 why are u subtracting remainder at last ?? from editorial what i understood is b*k+k=a. so for each k we are finding the range. I was not able to get the last part why substracting the remainder? can derive the formula?
•  » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 because for any remainder r value of b will obviously be greater than r so I check using binarysearch what is the max value that satisfies the condition and range of values of b will be then from r+1 to max found
•  » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 thanks. one more doubt how did you know it will be sqrt(x) i came to know to by doing it in pen and paper.Is there any formula to know?For example(x,y)-> (10,9) or (12,9) max remainder will be 3 by taking out all max remainder from 1 to 9 I get to know it will be 3 ?? but by formula how?
•  » » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 I think it's becausea=k*(b+1)k<=b-1=> b>=k+1=> b+1>=k+2a<=xTherefore, x>=k*(k+2)
•  » » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 its more like k*(b+1)<=x this implies k^2<=k*(b+1) as b is greater than k so this mean k^2<=x hence k goes till sqrt(x)
•  » » » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 I wasnt able to figure it out during the contest l so got TLE later it striked me xD anyways its better we learn something from every contest ratings will come eventually.
•  » » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 To understand the solution more clearly, I suggest you to watch the explanation of neal on his twitch, I liked it.
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 When I was reading problem "A"(A was way too hard in comparison to normal div.2's) and "B", I thought is this really a div.2 contest...I thought I was doing div.1 problems :(
 » 13 days ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   0 In problem B , can anayone explain me this line from editorialIf al
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 I tried to calculate $Dp_i$ from bottom to top in problem E, but got wa on test 3. It works like this: bool cmp(int k,int b){return a[k]
 » 13 days ago, # |   +3 In Problem C, in the final expression, max(0,min(y,x/k−1)−k), Why are we subtracting k from min(y, x/k-1). Can someone please explain?
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 x/k gives a count of numbers which can be our b but we need a remainder equal to k, that's why we decrease it by 1 (think?), if it is greater than y, we can take any number up to y as our b, but wait.... we can't take any b which is less than or equal to our remainder, therefore we again subtract k from it.
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 Can anyone tell why this binary search solution for A failed?
•  » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 Are you sure that the f is a decreasing function ? I think that it is a first decreasing and then increasing function. Ternary Search works for this kind of functions in O(log(n)).SubmissionBut I can't prove that f is is a unimodal function !
•  » » » 13 days ago, # ^ |   0 I got it my solution is wrong because f is monotonic.
•  » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   0 You mean not monotonic ?
•  » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   0 No monotonic, i.e it is nondecreasing first then nonincreasing. If f(mid) = f(mid + 1) before the minima then I would get the wrong ans.
•  » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 It's not that your solution is wrong cuz f is monotonic but it's not unimodal.
•  » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   0 I think your definition of monotonic is wrong. Google this.
•  » » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 3 →   0 Yes, it is monotonic before the minima and after the minima.
•  » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0
•  » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   0 That's ternary search, not binary search, because you're looking at the slopes of adjacent elements. I'm not sure how to formally prove that the function is unimodal, but it's pretty easy to see intuitively.
•  » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 3 →   0 Yep, but I split the search space into halves at each iteration. Also, the function is not unimodal.
•  » » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 It's still called ternary search, even though you're splitting the search space in half. See cp-algorithms for more detail. That's actually how I code ternary search if I'm not working with doubles (I actually did this solution in contest, so you can check my submission). Binary search only works with monotonic functions, but ternary search works with any unimodal function.
•  » » » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 It is Binary Search. Yep, F is monotonic.
•  » » » » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   -8 Wow did you just make a Master angry ?
•  » » » » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   0 No u.
•  » » » » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 That example, is different, as you're not really searching on a function. You can read about monotonicity on boolean functions (functions used in binary search) here. If f was monotonic, it would mean that looking at a single value, it would be possible to determine whether to go to the right or to the left. Ternary search can essentially be viewed as binary search on the slopes of the function, instead of the values itself. That's what differentiates them. If you look at the slopes of unimodal function, and define $g(x) = f(x)-f(x-1)$, you can see that some prefix of a unimodal function will have some sign, and the suffix will have the opposite sign, which makes $g(x)$ monotonic, but $f(x)$ unimodal.Btw, a function is unimodal if it first increases, then decreases (or vice versa). See here for more details.
•  » » » » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 5 →   0 A common definition is as follows: a function f(x) is a unimodal function if for some value m, it is monotonically increasing for x ≤ m and monotonically decreasing for x ≥ m. In that case, the maximum value of f(x) is f(m) and there are no other local maxima. Yeah, I said f is not unimodal since, you can see four local minima here.Arguing if my approach is binary search or ternary search is self-contradictory. I should've mentioned it Divide and conquer in general.
•  » » » » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   0 Those local minima you mentioned are also the global minima, so it still satisfies unimodality (it's decreasing instead of strictly decreasing for that segment). Because they are in the same contiguous segment, I think general consensus is that they are still global minima. At this point, we're really arguing about if it's convention to call a function which is decreasing but not strictly decreasing monotonically decreasing, and I guess it doesn't really matter. In general for ternary search/binary search purposes, I would call it unimodal/monotonic because it's still possible to binary search/ternary search over the functions.
•  » » » » » » » » » 12 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 Those local minima you mentioned are also the global minima, so it still satisfies unimodality (it's decreasing instead of strictly decreasing for that segment). Oh, I thought if f(x) a global extremum, then it should be unique in the range.Thanks.
•  » » » 12 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 3 →   -10 Bad interpretation of unimodal.
•  » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   0 It might not converge at the minimum. Store the minimum at each iteration. Spoiler1 254439042 3 output format: [f(x), x ] [ low, high ] [ 500000000, 500000002 ] [ 3, 500000002 ] [ 250000001, 250000002 ] [ 3, 250000002 ] [ 125000001, 125000002 ] [ 3, 125000002 ] [ 62500001, 62500002 ] [ 3, 62500002 ] [ 31250001, 31250002 ] [ 3, 31250002 ] [ 15625001, 15625002 ] [ 3, 15625002 ] [ 7812501, 7812502 ] [ 3, 7812502 ] [ 3906251, 3906252 ] [ 3, 3906252 ] [ 1953126, 1953127 ] [ 3, 1953127 ] [ 976564, 976565 ] [ 3, 976565 ] [ 488283, 488284 ] [ 3, 488284 ] [ 244142, 244143 ] [ 3, 244143 ] [ 122072, 122073 ] [ 3, 122073 ] [ 61037, 61038 ] [ 3, 61038 ] [ 30519, 30520 ] [ 3, 30520 ] [ 15261, 15261 ] [ 3, 15261 ] [ 7632, 7632 ] [ 3, 7632 ] [ 3817, 3817 ] [ 3, 3817 ] [ 1910, 1910 ] [ 3, 1910 ] [ 956, 956 ] [ 3, 956 ] [ 480, 479 ] [ 3, 479 ] [ 242, 241 ] [ 3, 241 ] [ 124, 122 ] [ 3, 122 ] [ 64, 62 ] [ 3, 62 ] [ 35, 32 ] [ 3, 32 ] [ 21, 17 ] [ 3, 17 ] [ 16, 10 ] [ 3, 10 ] [ 14, 6 ] [ 3, 6 ] [ 15, 4 ] [ 3, 4 ] [ 15, 4 ] [ 4, 4 ] 15 In this approach, I didn't store the minimum at each iteration. I just did the same as your solution. And, It didn't converge at the minimum. 
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 Round was amazing
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 Shouldnt k <= root(x) for problem C be k < root(x)? Since if k^2 = x implies b=k-1 which is less than k
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 please , can anyone tell how we can use DP and define recurrence relations for 1485A - Add and Divide i.e . ADD AND DIVIDE problem. As it is an optimisation problem i am trying to think in DP way so please tell
 » 13 days ago, # |   0 For problem A, it says "Notice how it is never better to increase b after dividing (⌊a/(b+1)⌋≤⌊a/b⌋)."Can anyone explain?
•  » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   0 its simple to see, if we have a/b and then keeping 'a' constant if we increase the value of b then the ratio a/b will decrease. so as we want to decrease a/b as much as possible..its better to increase 'b' first and then do a/b.
 » 12 days ago, # |   0 I have a question: In problem C's editorial, once "b" and "k" is fixed, is the value of "a" determined and unique?
•  » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   0 Yes
 » 12 days ago, # | ← Rev. 6 →   0 How to prove the complexity for the O(n^2logn)-algorithm for prob F?Thanks
•  » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   0 $dp_i$ contains at most $1$ more entry than $dp_{i-1}$.
 » 12 days ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   0 In problem 1485A - Add and Divide, BFS was fast and memory-efficient enough to get accepted. 107307717
 » 12 days ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   0 Can someone explain problem B editorial when x is in-between al and ar, this exactly "There are (ar−al+1)−(r−l+1) such values of x."
•  » » 12 days ago, # ^ |   0 There are $a_r - a_l + 1$ integers between $a_l$ and $a_r$. Since $x \neq a_i$, you have to subtract the $r-l+1$ integers already in the array, in the range $[l, r]$.
•  » » » 11 days ago, # ^ |   0 yea got it now, thanks!
 » 12 days ago, # |   0
 » 11 days ago, # | ← Rev. 2 →   0 Hello. I've been trying to get "accepted" on problem C in Python3 but I get TLE while implementing the solution suggested here.Here is the link to my submission: 107347518I googled a bit and it turns out that the time limits don't seem to be language-specific, i.e. the same algo implementation might be passing in C but not in Python. link: https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/45228Is this the case? Are some problems not meant to be solved as long as you don't write in the language intended or is something wrong with the submission I posted?Thanks
•  » » 11 days ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 →   0 Check the following update to your code.107361634The same update ran in PyPy 3.7 more than an order of magnitude faster than it did in Python 3.9.107361941
•  » » » 11 days ago, # ^ |   0 Thanks for the update!Yep, the code passes now at 1965ms and we have whole 35ms to spare!
•  » » » » 11 days ago, # ^ |   0 Yes, the speed difference between the Python interpreter and the PyPy compiler in running the same code is obvious.
•  » » » » » 11 days ago, # ^ |   0 I guess it's the space/time trade-off as pypy3 seems to use 2mb of extra space. But still worth it!Thanks for the info!
 » 11 days ago, # |   0 There is a O(N) solution for F. Note that this solution uses a map. The solution is as follows -Let f[i] denote the number of hybrid arrays of length i. Let g[i] denote the number of hybrid arrays of length i and sum of the array is 0. Given that we have a[0], a[1], a[2] . . . a[i-1] we have two options for the ith position — 1) Place b[i] 2) Place b[i] — (a[0] + a[1] + a[2] + . . . . a[i-1]) Now there will be over-counting when b[i] = b[i] — (a[0] + a[1] + a[2] + . . . . a[i-1]), or a[0] + a[1] + a[2] + . . . . a[i-1] = 0. Thus f[i] = f[i-1]*2 — g[i-1].Now how to find g[i]? Observations — 1) The sum of the hyprid array 'a' of length i will always be a suffix of array 'b' ending at i. 2) Let j <= i be the maximum index where sum(b[j] . . . b[i]) = 0. Then for the sum of array 'a' to be equal to sum(b[j] . . . b[i]) = 0, we need two things — 2.1) a[j] = b[j] — sum(a[0] . . .a[j-1]) 2.2) For all j < k <= i, a[k] = b[k]. The array a[0]. . . a[j-1] can be anything we dont care. From 1 and 2 we can say g[i] = f[j-1]. 'j' can be found for every 'i' by maintaining map of prefix sums. 107307490
•  » » 11 days ago, # ^ |   +10 This is exactly the official solution, and it's $O(n\log n)$ because of the map.
 » 11 days ago, # |   +1 Hello, can anybody explain me div2-C, I'm not able to understand how is k<=sqrt(x)...Thanks in advance :)
 » 10 days ago, # |   0 in problem C (floor and mod) max(0, min(0, x/k — 1) — k). Why do we subtract k from min(0, x/k — 1)?
•  » » 10 days ago, # ^ |   0 $b > k$.
 » 6 days ago, # |   0 Can someone please explain me why my submission are getting TLE? I already try to optimize it but didn't work.